Feeding Table Scraps: Which Common Foods Are Dangerous and Which Are Fine

Foods That Are Genuinely Dangerous for Dogs

Some human foods pose serious, well-documented risks to dogs. Every owner should be able to recognize them on sight.

Grapes and Raisins

Grapes, raisins, currants, and sultanas can cause acute kidney failure in dogs. Critically, there is no established safe dose — even a small amount has caused severe toxicity in some dogs while others appear unaffected. Because the mechanism isn't fully understood, veterinarians treat any ingestion as an emergency.

Onions, Garlic, and Other Alliums

Raw, cooked, or powdered forms of onion, garlic, leek, and chives all cause allium toxicity, damaging red blood cells and potentially leading to hemolytic anemia. Garlic powder is particularly concentrated — a small amount from a seasoned dish can be enough to cause harm. Symptoms may not appear for several days after ingestion.

Chocolate

Theobromine is the toxic compound in chocolate. Dark chocolate, cocoa powder, and baking chocolate contain far more theobromine per ounce than milk chocolate, but all varieties should be kept away from dogs entirely. Signs of toxicity include restlessness, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle tremors, and seizures.

Xylitol

Xylitol is found in sugar-free gum, certain peanut butter brands, low-sugar baked goods, and some vitamins. It causes a rapid release of insulin in dogs, leading to dangerously low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and potentially liver failure. Always read ingredient labels before sharing any packaged human food.

Macadamia Nuts, Alcohol, and Raw Yeast Dough

Macadamia nuts cause weakness, hyperthermia, and tremors. Alcohol — including beer, wine, and foods cooked with spirits — affects dogs at far lower doses than humans. Raw bread dough containing yeast expands in the stomach and produces ethanol during fermentation, creating a dual risk of bloat and alcohol toxicity.

Human Foods That Are Generally Safe in Moderation

Not every scrap from your plate is a hazard. Several everyday foods are safe for most dogs in small quantities, making them useful as training treats or low-calorie snack alternatives. Portion size and preparation method matter significantly.

Safe Fruits

• Blueberries: Low in calories and high in antioxidants. A handful makes a suitable training reward.
• Watermelon: Hydrating and safe — but remove all seeds and the rind before offering.
• Apple slices: Fine without the seeds or core. Apple seeds contain trace amounts of cyanogenic compounds.
• Bananas: High in sugar, so keep portions small. Suitable as an occasional treat.

Safe Vegetables

• Carrots: Low-calorie, satisfying to chew, and gentle on digestion. Many dogs enjoy them raw or lightly cooked.
• Green beans: Plain, unseasoned green beans are low in calories and well-tolerated by most dogs.
• Plain cooked sweet potato: Rich in fiber and vitamins, but avoid preparations with butter, sugar, or spices.

Plain Proteins

Plain cooked chicken, turkey, or fish (no bones, no seasonings, no sauces) are frequently used by veterinarians and trainers as high-value rewards. Avoid anything fried, salted, or seasoned with onion or garlic powder.

Keep in mind that even safe foods can cause digestive upset if introduced abruptly or fed in large amounts. For a broader look at how your dog's regular diet fits together, see our guide to wet food vs. dry kibble.

If you have a new puppy at home, food hazards are just one part of a larger safety picture. Our puppy-proofing guide covers additional risks room by room.

This article is for general informational purposes only and does not constitute veterinary advice. If you believe your dog has consumed a toxic substance, contact your veterinarian or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center immediately.